"We should have done this study and asked these questions five years ago, said microbiologist Eric Alm of MIT,
leader of a study published online Oct. 30 in Nature. The significance was off the charts.
Bacteria readily exchange DNA between closely-related species, and much less frequently across unrelated lineages.
This so-called horizontal gene transfer fuels adaptation, allowing for rapid adjustments to local pressures.
Its full extent, however especially in bacteria associated with humans, including those in our bodies,
where bugs outnumber cells by 10 to 1 are unknown.
To get a global picture of horizontal gene transfer, Alm, two graduate students and other collaborators
compared 2,235 different bacterial genomes. I was hoping to find five to 10 examples of recent gene transfers, he said.
My students came back in a week with 10,000 different genes that had been transferred."
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/11/horizontal-gene-transfer